Category: Medieval Thought

Treatise on Law: Summa Theologica, Questions 90-97

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The form cannot be separated from the matter. Mainini, Lorenzo, „Fragments d‘“éthique aristotélicienne“ entre arabe, latin et langues romanes. The Law contains the philosophic virtues, but adds to them additional ones of its own, such as faith, humanity, piety, and holiness, as well as prayer, study, and repentance. This answers the question, how does it happen? a branch of philosophical ethics concerned with classifying actions as right and wrong.
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Aristotle in Aquinas's Theology

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In fact, the book is a dialogue with the Lady Philosophy. They were not created by God, and, on the contrary, they are so permanently fixed in the cosmic nature of things that God himself cannot even alter them. If these three were asked a famous philosophical question, "If a tree falls in the woods and no one is there to hear it, does it make a sound?", Locke would have said "Yes," Berkeley would have said "No," and Hume would have said, "Something would happen, but that something would not be 'sound' without a human being to hear it."
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The power and religion of the Turks of the middle Ages

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Continuity and Change in the Realms of Islam. Because sound reasoning is an essential element of all sciences, [46] social sciences and humanities disciplines, logic became a formal science. Whereas the Christian is immersed in history, the Jew is beyond it. Of particular importance were the First Council of Nicaea in 325 and the Council of Ephesus in 431, which drew upon metaphysical ideas of Aristotle and Plotinus to establish important Christian doctrines about the divinity of Jesus and the nature of the Trinity.
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Bonaventure (Great Medieval Thinkers)

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Therefore, if the ruler decides to confiscate the property of heretics, he has the right to do so. Current projects include: (i) an annual international video collaborative graduate course on Thomas Aquinas and the Arabic Tradition at Marquette & at the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven's Institute of Philosophy; (ii) Aquinas and the Arabic Philosophical Tradition: The Commentary on the Sentences, Selected Translations with Commentary, 2 v., with R.
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Henry of Harclay: Ordinary Questions, I-XIV (Auctores

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But Al-Gazel counters this by saying that we could equally believe that the cause of God’s willing lies within his mind. there must be a cause of God’s change of mind. In China, modern philosophy has been concerned mostly with understanding the pragmatic and material worlds, and most recently, in the 20th century, with dialectical materialism--the communist philosophy of Karl Marx. There are five ways in which the human intellect can prove the existence of God. if there is an effect. naturally. there should be a cause and ultimately the First Cause. any change from one state of being to another. by this method we arrive at the knowledge of God through considering what He is not. only the visible world.
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The Life and Times of Daniel De Foe: With Remarks Digressive

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Jaffer, Tariq, “Fakhr al-Dîn al-Râzî on the Soul (al-nafs) and Spirit (al-rûh): An Investigation into the Eclectic Ideas of Mafâtîh al-ghayb,” Journal of Qur’anic Studies, 16.1 (2014): 93-119. Our “Total Quality” is the result of the inner qualities of every employee”. He has also taught at the Sorbonne (Paris IV) and has been a visiting fellow at the Centre for Mediaeval Studies and the Pontifical Institute at the University of Toronto, and at present holds a visiting appointment at Peking University.
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The Romance of Reason:: An Adventure in the Thought of

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They argued that every corporation has the power to take the measures that may be necessary if its survival is endangered by failure in its head. The New Testament also seemed to recommend voluntary communism as an ideal. soul: neither did any one say that aught of the things which he possessed, was his own; but all things were common unto them. …neither was there any one needy among them. Maimonides' formulation of 13 principles of Judaism sparked a lively debate in the late Middle Ages.
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The Journey Toward God in Augustine's Confessions: Books

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These thoughts lead Gilson into a discussion of Christian anthropology in Lecture IX. Some of man’s activities are obviously very like to those of brutes. In the mid-Twentieth Century, Jean-Paul Sartre held that each of us is fully responsible for our own life, that we paint our portrait through our actions and that portrait is all there is. According to this argument, the finite nature of the universe requires a finite force preserving it, and everything possessing a finite force must have a beginning in time.
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The Cambridge Companion to Augustine (Cambridge Companions

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After Einstein, major philosophical figures such as Michel Foucault (1926-1984), Jacques Derrida (1930-2004) and Richard Rorty (1931-2007) built on these developments to define the essential boundaries and issues of postmodernism. Both classical and contemporary positions on historical explanations will be considered. Such equations have important applications in the modelling of dynamic phenomena. EPISTEMOLOGY: Epistemology deals with knowledge, asking, "How does the mind come to know the nature of reality?"
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Right and Nature in the First and Second Scholasticism.

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Sensations is the act of a corporeal organ. Aristotle might well be called the father of biology, for he collected an immense number of specimens and drew up the basic lines of biological classifications. He also provided a new account of the relationship between faith and reason, arguing against the Averroists that the truths of faith and the truths of reason cannot conflict but rather apply to different realms. The British were largely divided into intuitionist and analytic camps.
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